“The field of commu=
nity
psychology, launched at the Swampscott Conference in 1965, was founded at=
a
time of heightened national attention to social issues” (Meritt, Greene, =
Jopp
and Kelly, 1999:28)
“Community psychology shares its origi=
ns
with the civil rights movement, the war on poverty, and the community men=
tal
health movement”. (Deborah Philips in Rappaport and Seidman, 2000:407)
“Equal opportunity =
and equal
rights have long been part of this[1] country’s ideological heritage . . .
The modern civil rights and women’s movements emerged in the 1960s, along
with the widespread resistance to the Vietnam War. During this same turbu=
lent
period community psychology was ‘officially born.’ The Division of Commun=
ity
Psychology was formally organized in 1965 at a conference in Swampscott,
Massachusetts.” (Swift, Bond and Serrano-Garcia in Rappaport and Seidman,
2000:857)
“when community psy=
chology was
founded in 1965 at the Swampscott Conference” (Snow, Grady and Goyette-Ew=
ing
in Rappaport and Seidman, 2000:898)
“Community psycholo=
gy arose in
the early 1960s in the context of . . . our urban communities. . . coming apart at the social seam=
s”
(Seymour Sarason in Rappaport and Seidman, 2000:923)
“it is widely known that community
psychology was ‘born’ in the midst of . . . (the Voting Rights Act; the C=
ivil
Rights Movement, the Women’s Movement, the deinstitutionalization of the
mentally ill, and other socio-political events of the 1960s)” (Paul Toro =
in
his address to the Annual Convention of the APA in July 2004)
“community psychology is usually consi=
dered
to have originated at a conference of psychologists held in Swampscott,
Massachusetts in 1965. Yet the story does not start there. The Swampscott
Conference did not occur in a vacuum – it was nested in the historical and
cultural context of mid-20th-century U.S. society and psychology. . . Moreover, community psychology =
in
other countries sprang from many different roots than in the United State=
s”
(Dalton, Elias, & Wandersman, 2001:28)
Wingenfeld and Newb=
orough (in
Rappaport and Seidman, 2000:779) acknowledge non US originated community
psychology: “in other countries, social needs and developments have given
rise to a community perspective without specific reference to, or influen=
ce from,
community psychology in the U.S”
Wingenfeld and Newb=
orough in
Rappaport and Seidman 2000:781) comment that “Poland and Cuba are two
countries where influences from US community psychology have been minimal”
saying that “socialist theory and dialectical materialism have influenced
psychology in Poland and Cuba”
Martin-Baro (in Aro=
n and Corne,
1994:20) wrote, of Latin American psychology as a whole, “what is clear is
that nearly all of its theoretical and practical ideas have been imported
from the United States”
Does contemporary c=
ommunity
psychology necessarily have ‘a’ history or might there be many histories =
to
be legitimately told, each story serving different functions for different
groups and impacting differently on differing interests?
Is the historical p=
ast a fixed,
determining, set of constraints or might ‘new historical pasts’ be
constructed by community psychology as it develops?
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<=
/td>
=
=
Some questions
about ‘the
history
of community psychology
<=
/td>
<=
/td>
=
<=
/td>
=
David Fryer
University
of Stirling University
d.m.fryer@stir.ac.uk
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=
1. CP in the
UK
•<=
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Exe=
ter University
•<=
/font>
Jim =
Orford
•<=
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Ann=
ie Mitchell
•<=
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Cl=
inical and
Community Doctorate
•<=
/font>
Textbook (Rappaport)
•<=
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JCAS=
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•<=
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ENC=
P / ECPA
•<=
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Bir=
mingham
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<=
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<=
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<=
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<=
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•<=
/font>
Ma=
nchester
Metropolitan University
•<=
/font>
Car=
olyn Kagan
•<=
/font>
Mar=
k Burton
•<=
/font>
Pau=
l Duckett
•<=
/font>
MMU
•<=
/font>
Community Work and Family
•<=
/font>
MSc in CP
•<=
/font>
Ian =
Parker
•<=
/font>
Eri=
ca Burman
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on
•<=
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LSE Cathy Campbell
•<=
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Card=
iff
•<=
/font>
Valerie Walkerdine
•<=
/font>
Not=
tingham
•<=
/font>
Steve Melluish
•<=
/font>
Bob Diamond
•<=
/font>
(Jan Bostock)
•<=
/font>
David Smail
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<=
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<=
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<=
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<=
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•<=
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Sti=
rling
University
•<=
/font>
David Fryer
•<=
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Paul Duckett
•<=
/font>
Steve McKenna
•<=
/font>
Rebekah Pratt
•<=
/font>
Cathy McCormack
•<=
/font>
Mark Wilson
•<=
/font>
Adel=
e Laing
•<=
/font>
Rach=
ael Fox
•<=
/font>
46AS=
•<=
/font>
JCAS=
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<=
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<=
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<=
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•<=
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Euro=
pe
•<=
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ENCP
•<=
/font>
EACP
•<=
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Suss=
ex
•<=
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Marie Jahoda
•<=
/font>
Austria, England, Wales, USA=
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<=
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about community psychology
•<=
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community psychology, launched at
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Conference in 1965, was
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nded at a time
of heightened national
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tention to
social issues” (Meritt, Greene, Jopp
and=
Kelly,
1999:28)
•<=
/font>
“Community psychology shares its ori=
gins
with
the=
civil rights
movement, the war on poverty,
and=
the community
mental health movement”.
(De=
borah Philips
in Rappaport and Seidman,
2000=
:407)
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<=
/td>
=
<=
/td>
<=
/td>
<=
/td>
•<=
/font>
“Eq=
ual
opportunity and equal rights have long
be=
en part of
this[1] country’s ideological heritage
. .=
. The modern
civil rights and women’s
mov=
ements emerged
in the 1960s, along with
the=
widespread
resistance to the Vietnam War.
Dur=
ing this same
turbulent period community
psy=
chology was
‘officially born.’ The Division of
Co=
mmunity
Psychology was formally organized
in =
1965 at a
conference in Swampscott,
Mas=
sachusetts.”
(Swift, Bond and Serrano-
Gar=
cia in
Rappaport and Seidman, 2000:857)
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Some questions about ‘the history of community psychology
<=
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=
=
<=
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<=
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•<=
/font>
“wh=
en community
psychology was founded in
196=
5 at the
Swampscott Conference” (Snow,
Gra=
dy and
Goyette-Ewing in Rappaport and
Sei=
dman,
2000:898)
•<=
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“Co=
mmunity
psychology arose in the early
196=
0s in the
context of . . . our urban
com=
munities. . . coming apart at the social
sea=
ms” (Seymour
Sarason in Rappaport and
Sei=
dman,
2000:923)
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<=
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=
<=
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<=
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<=
/td>
•<=
/font>
“it is widely known that community
psy=
chology was
‘born’ in the midst of . . .
(th=
e Voting
Rights Act; the Civil Rights
Mov=
ement, the
Women’s Movement, the
dei=
nstitutionalization
of the mentally ill, and
oth=
er
socio-political events of the 1960s)”
(Pa=
ul Toro in his
address to the Annual
Conv=
ention of the
APA in July 2004)
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<=
/td>
=
=
<=
/td>
•<=
/font>
“community psychology is usually
considered to
ha=
ve originated
at a conference of psychologists
he=
ld in
Swampscott, Massachusetts in 1965. Yet
the=
story does
not start there. The Swampscott
Con=
ference did
not occur in a vacuum – it was
nes=
ted in the
historical and cultural context of
mid=
-20th-century
U.S. society and psychology.<=
/font>
. .=
Moreover,
community psychology in other
cou=
ntries sprang
from many different roots than
in =
the United
States” (Dalton, Elias, &
Wan=
dersman,
2001:28)
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<=
/td>
=
<=
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<=
/td>
<=
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<=
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•<=
/font>
Win=
genfeld and
Newborough (in Rappaport and
Se=
idman,
2000:779) acknowledge non US originated
co=
mmunity
psychology: “in other countries, social needs
and=
developments
have given rise to a community
pe=
rspective
without specific reference to, or influence
fro=
m, community
psychology in the U.S”
•<=
/font>
Wi=
ngenfeld and
Newborough in Rappaport and Seidman
200=
0:781) comment
that “Poland and Cuba are two
cou=
ntries where
influences from US community
psy=
chology have
been minimal” saying that “socialist
the=
ory and
dialectical materialism have influenced
psy=
chology in
Poland and Cuba”
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Some questions about ‘the history of community psychology
<=
/td>
=
<=
/td>
•<=
/font>
Mar=
tin-Baro (in
Aron and Corne, 1994:20)
wro=
te, of Latin
American psychology as a
who=
le, “what is
clear is that nearly all of its
the=
oretical and
practical ideas have been
imp=
orted from the
United States”
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Some questions about ‘the history of community psychology
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